The church in Rome, like many other early churches, was made up of a mixture of converts from Judaism and converts from paganism. As a result, there were divisions in that church over how to live as Christians (for example, wether or not they had to observe Jewish dietary laws). In this passage, Paul reminded the Romans that the issues they wrestled with, as important as they were, were things they could trust God to resolve--after all they could trust God with their very souls. He also called them to respect each other, regardless of their differences.
Paul's advice is for us, as well as for the ancient Romans. The issues that divide Christians today are also important, but they are not as important as the salvation and grace that God provides for us. We can trust God to guide us to resolutions of these issues--after all, we can trust God with our very souls.
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